Internet+and+Infrastructure

E. Internet and Infrastructure ** 1) Explain how the Internet works. ** The Internet is a global network of computers. Each computer that is connected to the Internet must have a unique address (unless it’s behind a router or a firewall device). Internet addresses are in the form nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn. Where nnn is, must be a number from 0 - 255. This number address is known as an IP address. (IP stands for Internet Protocol) For example, your computer may have an IP address of 1.2.3.4 and another computer may have an IP address of 5.6.7.8. this allows individual computers to get on the internet using their own, unique IP address.  a)  If you connect to the Internet through an Internet Service Provider (ISP), you are usually assigned a temporary IP address for the duration of your dial-in session. If you connect to the Internet from a Local Area Network (LAN) your computer might have a permanent IP address, or it might obtain a temporary one from a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server. In any case, if you are connected to the Internet, your computer has a unique IP address. The Internet backbone is prepared up of many huge networks which interconnect with each other. These big networks are known as Network Service Providers or NSPs. Some examples of the great NSPs include: UUNet, Cerf Net, IBM, BBN Planet, Sprint Net, PSINet, as well as many others. These networks go over with each other to swap packet traffic. Each NSP is necessary to connect to three Network Access Points or NAPs. At the NAPs, packet traffic may skip from one NSP's backbone to another NSP's backbone. NSPs also are linked at Metropolitan Area Exchanges or MAEs. MAEs serve the same point as the NAPs but are privately owned. NAPs were the original Internet interconnects points. Both NAPs and MAEs are referred to as Internet Exchange Points (or IXs). NSPs also sell bandwidth to smaller networks, such as ISPs and smaller bandwidth providers (compnetworking.about.com).

b) Many computers linked to the Internet host part of the DNS database and the software that permits others to way in it. These computers are known as DNS servers. No DNS server controls the entire database; they only contain a subset of it. If a DNS server does not contain the domain name requested by another computer, the DNS server re-directs the requesting computer to another DNS server ( Rus Shuler). The Internet is based on a series of standard technical protocols which allow various computers located around the world to access specified files on other computers and then view those files. Specifically, the protocol in question is TCP/ IP. TCP/IP allows computes to describe data to one another over a network. Every computer hooked to the Internet understands these two protocols and are able to speak cordially ( Marnie Webb). In many ways the internet can be very tricky. The internet has so many things required in order to have it. Although it’s simple to use and appears to be simple, when it comes down to it, the internet is very complex and complicated.

A way to familiarize students first-hand with the internet is to have them design a website. This first-hand experience will give them valuable insight, hands-on learning and a great tool for future use. Another way is to give them some web sites and have to view the site and report back if it’s done correctly, what they would do differently, etc. One great educational tool regarding the internet is the ability to have distance learning. It allows us to view different cultures, teach around our busy schedules and connect with others in faraway lands that we otherwise wouldn’t ever work with. Internet technology has expanded our way of teaching. Distance education has evolved frequently since correspondence schools developed in the late 19th century. These connection schools, which were from time-to-time confidential, for-profit businesses and from time-to-time addition units of publicly funded universities, originally accessible lessons through printed materials—as many still do. Educational content also delivered by radio in the 1930s, by television in the 1950s, and through recorded programs on audio and videocassettes in the 1970s. Material was sent back to the school by students through the mail and later by fax. The 1970s also saw the establishment of open universities institutions that are open to a big segment of the residents, offer a diversity of traditional academic and nontraditional courses, and make extensive use of distance education. The British Open University, which is one of the oldest and best known of these institutions, has approximately 200,000 students and is often considered the model for open universities. More than 20 similar systems have been set up in other nations  ( National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics). Since then, distance education has been improved and much easier to use. In today’s world a lot of students have a computer-it’s almost as necessary as pen and paper to help a student succeed. With the internet, students can collaborate with people across campus or at another college on assignments, topics and current events. In our fast-paced world it’s crucial to have internet access and be familiar with how greatly internet can help and simplify your life. From doing research for papers, to contacting your professor with a question, to taking an online class, the internet has proven to be invaluable to today’s student (apple.com). <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">1) As the name implies, Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is a system in which the circuit is closed and all the elements are directly connected. This is unlike broadcast television where any receiver that is correctly tuned can pick up the signal from the airwaves. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">CCTV i s experiencing a leap in technology by using digital techniques and the Internet. The new edition of this high-level, professional reference includes details of CCD cameras, lenses, coaxial cables, fiber-optics,system design, and covers all video compression techniques used in the ever increasing assortment of digital video recorders (DVRs) available on the market today. It also serves to clarify the technology of data networking. The theoretical section explains the various compression techniques, such as MPEG-1, MPEG-2, JPEG, Wavelet, H.261/263, JPEG-2000, MPEG-4, etc. Networking is also a new and unknown area for many CCTV installers and this is explained in a brand new section. The challenge of selecting the right system from such a wide variety of new technologies available in CCTV has been compounded by the invention of DVRs. A point of reference is the new edition of the book __CCTV demystifies DVR technology__. CCTV is also used in surveillance. CCTV, the safety/security scenario, covers cameras transmission, monitors, switchers, camera housing, recorders, printers, image intensifiers and (Secuyritypark.net). (RFID)Radio frequency identification tags will be used to track the individuals who buy products with them attached. RFID are used in replacement for the existing system of bar-coding goods. The long term for this technology is to retailers is to attach the tags to every item in the store. RFID tags come in two basic types ( <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[] <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msobidifontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msobidifontweight: bold; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman';">.  **4) <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Types of RFID Tags ** <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msobidifontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman';">As mentioned above, there are two types of RFID tags: active and passive. Passive RFID tags have no internal power supply. Instead, a small electric current is created in the antenna when an incoming signal reaches it. This current provides enough power to briefly activate the tag, usually just long enough to relay simple information, such as an ID number or product name. Because passive RFID tags do not contain a power supply, they can be very small in size, sometimes thinner than a piece of paper. These tags can be activated from a distance of ten millimeters to over 6 meters away. Active RFID tags do contain an internal power source, which allows for a longer read-range and for a bigger memory on the tag itself. The power source also makes it possible to store information sent by the transceiver. Active RFID tags are larger than passive tags, usually slightly bigger than a coin. They can be read from many meters away, and generally have a battery life of about ten years. Advantages of active tags include accuracy, reliability, and superior performance in adverse environments, such as damp or metallic. Being cheaper to manufacture, most RFID tags are of the passive variety. Analysts predict that ever-lowering costs and growing demand will eventually lead to the widespread usage of RFID technology on a global scale. <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The simplest form is the read-only tag, which, once programmed, is hard-wired to transmit its content. Tags of this type are used in a way identical to barcodes, and are applied to items, such as retail goods, where the information each item carries doesn't change.(massy,media) <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The launch of the EPC came just weeks after Wal-Mart - the biggest retailer in the world - demanded that its main 100 suppliers place RFID tags on all its pallets and cases by 2005. But just as the tags begin to be placed on retail items, a small but determined opposition is stirring up a storm of protest. This goes to show if Wal-Mart wants RFID tags on all its pallets and cases by 2005 that RFID are becoming to be a big part of our economy. We all know that Wal-Mart is a strong contender in setting the standard, pace and bylaws for corporate businesses. Wal-Mart is using the RFID tags to make sure that everything is there and it allows them to have a better handle on their merchandise and inventory This will help with having No more lost or misdirected shipments. This system will help improve inventory efficiency, employee and customer satisfaction with having well-stocked shelves and a good handle on inventory. This new technology will help reduce a lot of stress for companies, the employees as well as the cutomers. (Sean Dodson) A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all the information that learners work with comes from the web. The model was developed by Bernie Dodge at San Diego State University in February, 1995 with early input from SDSU/Pacific Bell Fellow Tom March, the Educational Technology staff at San Diego Unified School District, and waves of participants each summer at the Teach the Teachers Consortium. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> Webquest are hands-on internet learning that allows an interactive participation for the students. It’s helpful in learning because it does offer an actual, tactile experience of learning for children who are visual learners. **
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">2) ** <span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">What are some applications, implications of using the Internet Technology? **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">3) ****<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Explain CCTV and RFID network and provide the implication of its use. **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">5) ****<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Explain what's Webquest and VoIP. Provide detail on its implication in teaching and learning **

By routing thousands of phone calls through a circuit switch and into an IP gateway, they can seriously reduce the bandwidth they're using for the long haul. Once the call is received by a gateway on the other side of the call, it's decompressed, reassembled and routed to a local circuit switch. Although it will take some time, you can be sure that eventually all of the current circuit-switched networks will be replaced with **packet-switching technology**  (more on packet switching and circuit switching later). IP telephony just makes sense, in terms of both economics and infrastructure requirements. More and more businesses are installing VoIP systems, and the technology will continue to grow in popularity as it makes its way into our homes. Perhaps the biggest draws to VoIP for the home users that are making the switch are **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">price ** and **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">flexibility **. <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; msobidifontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman';">30 related Websites (URL + site descriptions) <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">1. <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msobidifontfamily: Tahoma; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman';">[] <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">2. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.theshulers.com/whitepapers/internet_whitepaper/index.html <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">3. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.internic.org <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">4. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.securitypark.co.uk/books-cctv.asp <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">5. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://articles.directorym.co.uk/RFID_Tags-a1056677.html <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">6. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://iscwest2008.conferencepath.com/program/?action=viewday&date=4/3/2008 <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">7. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2003/oct/09/shopping.newmedia <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">8. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.techsoup.org/learningcenter/connections/archives/page10206.cfm <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">9. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">10. <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[] <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">11. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">12. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.eduref.org/cgi-bin/res.cgi/Educational_Technology <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">13. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://edtec.sdsu.edu/ <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">14. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.iste.org/ <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">15. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/technology/ <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">16. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/os/technology/index.html <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">17. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://712educators.about.com/cs/technology/a/integratetech.htm <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">18. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.apple.com/education/maclabs/ <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">19. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.iteaconnect.org/Resources/tewebsites.htm <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">20. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://people.uis.edu/rschr1/et/blogger.html <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">21. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">22. <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[] <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">23. <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[] <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">24. <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[] <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">25. <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[] <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">26. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=50 <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">27. <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[] <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">28. <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[] <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">29. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1767 <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">30. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">http://communication.howstuffworks.com/ip-telephony1.htm
 * Voice over Internet Protocol ** (**VoIP**) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies for delivery of [|voice communications] over [|IP] networks such as the [|Internet] or other [|packet-switched][|networks] . Other terms frequently encountered and synonymous with VoIP are //IP telephony//, //Internet telephony//, //voice over broadband// (VoBB), [|//broadband//] // telephony //, and //broadband phone//.